Coriolanus (kɒriəˈleɪnəs or -ˈlɑː-) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1605 and 1608. The play is based on the life of the legendary Roman leader Caius Marcius Coriolanus. Shakespeare worked on it during the same years he wrote Antony and Cleopatra, making them his last two tragedies.
Coriolanus is the name given to a Roman general after his military feats against the Volscians at Corioli. Following his success he seeks to be consul, but his disdain for the plebeians and the mutual hostility of the tribunes lead to his banishment from Rome. In exile, he presents himself to the Volscians, then leads them against Rome. After he relents and agrees to a peace with Rome, he is killed by his previous Volscian allies.
Romans
Caius Marcius – later surnamed Coriolanus
Menenius Agrippa – Senator of Rome
Cominius – consul and commander-in-chief of the army
Titus Larcius – Roman general
Volumnia – Coriolanus' mother (historically, Veturia)
Virgilia – Coriolanus' wife
Young Martius – Coriolanus' son
Valeria – chaste lady of Rome and friend to Coriolanus' family
Sicinius Velutus – tribune
Junius Brutus – tribune
Roman Citizens
Roman Soldiers
Roman Herald
Roman Senators
Volscians
Tullus Aufidius – general of the Volscian army
Aufidius' Lieutenant
Aufidius' Servingmen
Conspirators with Aufidius
Adrian – Volscian spy
Nicanor – Roman traitor
Volscian Lords
Volscian Citizens
Volscian Soldiers
Other
Gentlewoman
Usher
Volscian senators and nobles
Roman captains
Officers
Messengers
Lictors
Aediles
The play opens in Rome shortly after the expulsion of the Tarquin kings. There are riots in progress after stores of grain have been withheld from ordinary citizens. The rioters are particularly angry at Caius Marcius, a brilliant Roman general whom they blame for the loss of their grain. The rioters encounter a patrician named Menenius Agrippa, as well as Caius Marcius himself. Menenius tries to calm the rioters, while Marcius is openly contemptuous, and says that the plebeians are not worthy of the grain because of their lack of military service.
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In the First Folio, the plays of William Shakespeare were grouped into three categories: comedies, histories, and tragedies. The histories—along with those of contemporary Renaissance playwrights—help define the genre of history plays. The Shakespearean histories are biographies of English kings of the previous four centuries and include the standalones King John, Edward III and Henry VIII as well as a continuous sequence of eight plays. These last are considered to have been composed in two cycles.
Antony and Cleopatra is a tragedy by William Shakespeare. The play was first performed around 1607, by the King's Men at either the Blackfriars Theatre or the Globe Theatre. Its first appearance in print was in the First Folio published in 1623, under the title The Tragedie of Anthonie, and Cleopatra. The plot is based on Thomas North's 1579 English translation of Plutarch's Lives (in Ancient Greek) and follows the relationship between Cleopatra and Mark Antony from the time of the Sicilian revolt to Cleopatra's suicide during the War of Actium.
Shakespearean tragedy is the designation given to most tragedies written by playwright William Shakespeare. Many of his history plays share the qualifiers of a Shakespearean tragedy, but because they are based on real figures throughout the history of England, they were classified as "histories" in the First Folio. The Roman tragedies—Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra and Coriolanus—are also based on historical figures, but because their sources were foreign and ancient they are almost always classified as tragedies rather than histories.