Disability studies is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of disability. Initially, the field focused on the division between "impairment" and "disability", where impairment was an impairment of an individual's mind or body, while disability was considered a social construct. This premise gave rise to two distinct models of disability: the social and medical models of disability. In 1999 the social model was universally accepted as the model preferred by the field. However, in recent years, the division between the social and medical models has been challenged. Additionally, there has been an increased focus on interdisciplinary research. For example, recent investigations suggest using "cross-sectional markers of stratification" may help provide new insights on the non-random distribution of risk factors capable of acerbating disablement processes. Disability studies courses include work in disability history, theory, legislation, policy, ethics, and the arts. However, students are taught to focus on the lived experiences of individuals with disabilities in practical terms. The field is focused on increasing individuals with disabilities access to civil rights and improving their quality of life. Disability studies emerged in the 1980s primarily in the US, the UK, and Canada. In 1986, the Section for the Study of Chronic Illness, Impairment, and Disability of the Social Science Association (United States) was renamed the Society for Disability Studies. The first US disabilities studies program emerged in 1994 at Syracuse University. The first edition of the Disabilities Studies Reader (one of the first collections of academic papers related to disability studies) was published in 1997. The field grew rapidly over the next ten years. In 2005, the Modern Language Association established disability studies as a "division of study". While disability studies primarily emerged in the US, the UK, and Canada, disability studies were also conducted in other countries through different lens.

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Concepts associés (6)
Capacitisme
Le capacitisme ou validisme est une oppression pouvant prendre la forme de discrimination, de préjugé ou de traitement défavorable contre les personnes vivant un handicap (paraplégie, tétraplégie, amputation, malformation mais aussi dyspraxie, schizophrénie, troubles psychiques, autisme, trisomie, etc). Le système de valeurs capacitiste, fortement influencé par le domaine de la médecine, place la personne valide, sans handicap, comme la norme sociale.
Disability and poverty
The world's poor are significantly more likely to have or incur a disability within their lifetime compared to more financially privileged populations. The rate of disability within impoverished nations is notably higher than that found in more developed countries. Since the early 2010s there has been growing research in support of an association between disability and poverty and of a cycle by which poverty and disability are mutually reinforcing.
Études gaies et lesbiennes
Les études gays et lesbiennes (en anglais : gay and lesbian studies) également appelées études queer (en anglais : queer studies) ou études LGBT (en anglais : LGBT studies) sont un champ d'études et de recherche interdisciplinaire consacré aux personnes et aux cultures gays, lesbiennes, bisexuelles et transgenres. Fondées par Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, les études gays et lesbiennes s'intéressent d'abord à l'histoire et à la littérature LGBT.
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