Caledon (ˈkælədən; 2021 population 76,581) is a town in the Regional Municipality of Peel in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. The name comes from a shortened form of Caledonia, the Roman name for North Britain. Caledon is a developing urban area, but it remains primarily rural. It consists of an amalgamation of a number of urban areas, villages, and hamlets. Its major urban centre is Bolton, on its eastern side, adjacent to York Region.
Caledon is one of three municipalities of Peel Region. The town is at the northwest border of the city of Brampton. At over , Caledon is the largest municipality by area in the Greater Toronto Area.
By 1869, Belfountain was a village with a population of 100 in the Township of Caledon County Peel. It was established on the Credit River. There were stagecoaches to Erin and Georgetown. The average price of land was $20.
In 1973, Caledon acquired more territory when Chinguacousy dissolved, with most sections north of Mayfield Road (excluding Snelgrove) transferred to the township.
Caledon inherited the name from Caledon Township of Peel County, Ontario, in 1974, which was likely named by settlers like Edward Ellis, who came from the area around Caledon, County Tyrone, now in Northern Ireland, or by public voting.
In 1974, Peel County’s 10 municipalities became the Region of Peel’s 3 municipalities. The Town of Caledon was created from the villages of Bolton and Caledon East, the townships of Albion and Caledon, and the north half of Chinguacousy.
In the 2021 Canadian census, conducted by Statistics Canada, Caledon had a population of 76581 living in 23699 of its 24795 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 66502. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
In 2021, the median age was 40.8 years old, slightly lower than the provincial median of 41.6 years old. Caledon's population is made of 49.8% women and 50.2% men. There were 24,795 private dwellings.