Richard III is a play by William Shakespeare. It was probably written 1592–1594. It is labelled a history in the First Folio, and is usually considered one, but it is sometimes called a tragedy, as in the quarto edition. Richard III concludes Shakespeare's first tetralogy (also containing Henry VI, Part 1, Henry VI, Part 2, and Henry VI, Part 3) and depicts the Machiavellian rise to power and subsequent short reign of King Richard III of England.
It is the second longest play in the Shakespearean canon and is the longest of the First Folio, whose version of Hamlet, otherwise the longest, is shorter than its quarto counterpart. The play is often abridged for brevity, and peripheral characters removed. In such cases, extra lines are often invented or added from elsewhere to establish the nature of the characters' relationships. A further reason for abridgment is that Shakespeare assumed his audiences' familiarity with his Henry VI plays, frequently referring to these plays.
House of York
King Edward IV – King of England
Richard, Duke of Gloucester – Edward IV's brother; later King Richard III
George, Duke of Clarence – Edward IV's brother
Duchess of York – Edward, Richard and George's mother
Edward, Prince of Wales – Edward IV's eldest son; later King Edward V (never crowned)
Richard, Duke of York – Edward IV's younger son
Boy – George's son
Girl – George's daughter
House of Lancaster
Queen Margaret – widow of King Henry VI
Ghost of King Henry VI
Ghost of Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales – Henry VI's son
Lady Anne Neville – widow of Edward of Westminster; later wife of King Richard III
Tressel and Berkeley – Lady Anne's attendants (non-speaking roles)
Woodville family
Queen Elizabeth – wife of King Edward IV
Earl Rivers – Elizabeth's brother
Marquis of Dorset – Elizabeth's son (from a previous marriage)
Lord Richard Grey – Elizabeth's son (from a previous marriage)
Sir Thomas Vaughan – ally of Rivers and Grey
Richard III's group
Duke of Buckingham
Sir William Catesby
Duke of Norfolk
Earl of Surrey – Norfolk's son
Sir Richard Ratcliffe
Sir James Tyrrell – assassin
Lord Lovel
Two Murderers
Richard's page
Earl of Richmond's group
Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond – Henry VI's nephew; later King Henry VII
Lord Stanley, Earl of Derby – Richmond's stepfather
Earl of Oxford
Sir Walter Herbert
Sir James Blunt
Sir William Brandon – Richmond's standard-bearer (non-speaking role)
Clergy
Archbishop of Canterbury
Archbishop of York
Bishop of Ely
Sir Christopher – chaplain of Stanley's household
John – priest
Other characters
Lord Hastings – Lord Chamberlain under Edward IV
Sir Robert Brackenbury – Lieutenant of the Tower
Lord Mayor of London
Scrivener
Keeper of the Tower
Three Citizens
Hastings – pursuivant
Sheriff of Wiltshire
Ghosts of Clarence, Rivers, Grey, Vaughan, Edward (Prince of Wales), Richard (Duke of York), Hastings, Lady Anne and Buckingham
Lords, Messengers, Soldiers etc.