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Concept
Shakti
Summary
In Hinduism, Shakti (Devanagari: शक्ति, IAST: Śakti; lit. "Energy, ability, strength, effort, power, capability") is the fundamental cosmic energy and a central deity within Shaktism, a significant theological tradition of Hinduism. Representing dynamic forces that permeate the universe, Shakti embodies feminine energy and is often depicted as the consort of Shiva. In this tradition, Devi, the Goddess, is regarded as the Supreme Brahman herself, with all other divine forms seen as her manifestations. The worship of Shakti entails a diverse array of goddesses, including Durga, Kali, Parvati, and Tripura Sundari, each representing unique facets of her power.
One of the central concepts is Adi Parashakti, the supreme goddess who underlies all other goddesses and can be linked to different deities like Lakshmi, Parvati, and Durga in various Hindu traditions. Shaktism's historical roots trace back to ancient times, with early artifacts like the Baghor stone indicating its presence in the Paleolithic era and connections to the Indus Valley Civilization. The Smarta Advaita sect, within which Shaktism is a key element, acknowledges Shakti as one of five equal forms of God, promoting domestic worship and unity amidst diverse Hindu philosophies. Shaktism's synthesis with regional traditions is evident in South India, where goddesses like Amman embody her presence and are celebrated as protectors and providers in local communities.
Shakti, the goddess, was found in a Paleolithic context in the Son River valley. It is a triangular stone known as the Baghor stone and is estimated to be created around to 9,000–8,000 BCE. The representation of Shakti in a stone is considered an early example of a yantra. Kenoyer, part of the team that excavated the stone, considered that it was highly probable that the stone was associated with Shakti. The veneration of Shiva and Shakti was also prevalent in Indus valley civilization.
Shaktism
Shaktism regards Devi (lit., "the Goddess") as the Supreme Brahman itself with all other forms of divinity considered to be merely Her diverse manifestations.
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