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Concept
Karviná
Summary
Karviná (ˈkarvɪnaː; Karwina, karˈvina, Karwin) is a city in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 50,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Olza River in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Karviná is known as an industrial city with tradition in coal mining. The historic centre in Karviná-Fryštát is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.
Karviná is made up of nine city parts and villages:
Doly
Fryštát
Hranice
Lázně Darkov
Louky
Mizerov
Nové Město
Ráj
Staré Město
Karviná is located about east of Ostrava on the border with Poland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. It lies in the Ostrava Basin. The town is situated on the right bank of the Olza River. The territory is rich in ponds.
Fryštát
The first written mention of Karviná is from 1268. It was located on a trade route, which helped its development. It gained various privileges, but the prosperity ended with the Thirty Years' War.
The discovery of hard coal deposits in Karviná in the second half of the 18th century brought a major turnaround in the economic development of Karviná and the entire region. The less significant village of Karviná near the important town of Fryštát gained importance for the whole Austria-Hungary.
Following World War I, it was contested by Poland and Czechoslovakia, and after the split of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920 it became a part of Czechoslovakia as the main mining centre in the country. In 1923, it gained city rights.
In October 1938 was annexed by Poland as part of the region known as Trans-Olza, and during World War II it was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Germans operated a Gestapo prison in the city, and several forced labour camps, including a Polenlager solely for Poles, a camp solely for Jews, and a subcamp of the Nazi prison in Cieszyn. After the war it again became a part of Czechoslovakia.
In 1948 Karviná, Fryštát, and the surrounding villages of Darkov, Ráj, and Staré Město were merged into one city named Karviná.
Official source
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