The Duwamish (dxwdəwʔabš, dxwdəwʔɑbʃ, ) are a Lushootseed-speaking Native American people in western Washington, and the indigenous people of metropolitan Seattle, where they have been living since the end of the last glacial period (c. 8000 BCE, 10,000 years ago). The modern Duwamish descend from at least two separate groups: the dxwdəwʔabš, or Duwamish, and the x̌ačuʔabš, or Hachuamish, being the largest. Traditionally, the Duwuamish spoke a subdialect of the southern dialect of Lushootseed, which is a Salishan dialect continuum that is spoken throughout the Puget Sound region of Washington.
Duwamish people today are enrolled in several different tribes, including (but not limited to) the federally-recognized Muckleshoot Indian Tribe and Suquamish Tribe, and the eponymous Duwamish Tribe, which has not received federal recognition.
The Duwamish were among those who signed the Treaty of Point Elliott in 1855, the ramifications of which are still being felt to this day, as seen in the controversial fight between the Duwamish Tribe and many federally-recognized tribes. The Duwamish enrolled in the Duwamish Tribe developed in parallel with their federally-recognized counterparts. Although not officially recognized by the federal government, the Duwamish Tribe remains organized, with roughly 500 enrolled members as of 2004. In 2009, the Duwamish Tribe opened the Duwamish Longhouse and Cultural Center on purchased land near their ancient settlement of həʔapus in West Seattle, near the mouth of the Duwamish River.
The name Duwamish is an Anglicization of the Lushootseed name for the people: dxwdəwʔabš. The name dxwdəwʔabš means "people of the inside," referring to the Cedar River, which known in Lushootseed as the dxwdəw, or "inside," from the Lushootseed dxw- meaning "toward, to" and √dəw, a variant form of dəkw, meaning "inside something relatively small" (referring to Elliott Bay with respect to Puget Sound). Their endonym has also variously been recorded as dxwduʔabš, but this spelling is rare and not used in any official context.