Vikings

Vikings is the modern name given to seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded and settled throughout parts of Europe. They also voyaged as far as the Mediterranean, North Africa, Volga Bulgaria, the Middle East, and North America. In their countries of origin, and some of the countries they raided and settled in, this period is popularly known as the Viking Age, and the term "Viking" also commonly includes the inhabitants of the Scandinavian homelands as a whole. The Vikings had a profound impact on the early medieval history of Scandinavia, the British Isles, France, Estonia, and Kievan Rus'. Expert sailors and navigators of their characteristic longships, Vikings established Norse settlements and governments in the British Isles, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, and the Baltic coast, as well as along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes across modern-day Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine, where they were also known as Varangians. The Normans, Norse-Gaels, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies. At one point, a group of Rus Vikings went so far south that, after briefly being bodyguards for the Byzantine emperor, they attacked the Byzantine city of Constantinople. Vikings also voyaged to Iran and Arabia. They were the first Europeans to reach North America, briefly settling in Newfoundland (Vinland). While spreading Norse culture to foreign lands, they simultaneously brought home slaves, concubines and foreign cultural influences to Scandinavia, influencing the genetic and historical development of both. During the Viking Age, the Norse homelands were gradually consolidated from smaller kingdoms into three larger kingdoms: Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The Vikings spoke Old Norse and made inscriptions in runes. For most of the period they followed the Old Norse religion, but later became Christians. The Vikings had their own laws, art and architecture.

Beyrouth, résilience. La réhabilitation du quartier de Karantina

4 Août 2020, l’explosion dans le port de Beyrouth laisse derrière elle des centaines de milliers de familles sans logement et un paysage en ruine. Parmi les décombres, dans le quartier de Karantina, les habitants sont menacés d’expulsion et le secteur risque de subir une gentrification. Après une telle catastrophe vient la question de la reconstruction et des moyens mis en œuvre pour y parvenir. Ce projet propose une approche sensible, attentive à la culture, à l’identité du lieu et aux besoins des habitants tout en portant une attention particulière à la durabilité. Il ne s’agit pas d’une simple reconstruction physique, mais de la recherche d’une résilience pour redonner vie à Karantina. Pour cela, la création d’un réseau de parcs, reliés par une voie verte, vient unifier l’ensemble du quartier. Les friches abandonnées se voient ainsi végétalisées et l’activité du quartier relancée qui abritera des nouveaux logements, commerces, espaces communs et artisanaux. Les matériaux de cette reconstruction sont présents au cœur des débris. Trier, recycler, réemployer deviennent des opportunités pour parvenir à se relever. Ainsi les gravats d’hier permettent la construction d’aujourd’hui. Il en résulte une architecture chargée d’histoire qui dialogue avec le tissu urbain existant et tire parti du climat méditerranéen pour répondre aux différents besoins. Cette catastrophe nous aura permis de mieux reconstruire et de poser les bases d’une communauté plus durable, plus sûre et résiliente.

2022

Beyrouth, résilience. La réhabilitation du quartier de Karantina

Benthic Biofilms in Glacier-Fed Streams from Scandinavia to the Himalayas Host Distinct Bacterial Communities Compared with the Streamwater

PAPABILES Simulation-based evaluation of the impact of telematics in the Lausanne area: a pilot study. Phase 2: third lane and ramp metering

Benthic Biofilms in Glacier-Fed Streams from Scandinavia to the Himalayas Host Distinct Bacterial Communities Compared with the Streamwater

Beyrouth, résilience. La réhabilitation du quartier de Karantina

PAPABILES Simulation-based evaluation of the impact of telematics in the Lausanne area: a pilot study. Phase 2: third lane and ramp metering