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Concept
1915 in science
Summary
The year 1915 involved numerous significant events in science and technology, some of which are listed below.
January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction".
March 19 – Pluto is photographed for the first time but is not classified as a planet.
Einstein's new theory of general relativity is used to explain Mercury's strange motions that baffled Urbain Le Verrier.
Robert Innes discovers Proxima Centauri, the closest star to Earth after the Sun.
Thomas Lyle Williams produces the mascara Maybelline.
May 22 – Lassen Peak, one of the Cascade Volcanoes in Northern California, erupts, sending an ash plume 30,000 feet in the air and devastating the nearby area with pyroclastic flows and lahars. It is the only volcano to erupt in the contiguous United States between 1900 and 1980.
Alfred Wegener publishes his theory of Pangea, which he calls Urkontinent.
The new theropod dinosaur genus and species Spinosaurus aegyptiacus is assigned by German paleontologist Ernst Stromer.
January – Mildred Hoge publishes her discovery of the gene (much later identified as PAX6) responsible for development of the eye.
A global pandemic of encephalitis lethargica begins.
Trench nephritis is first reported as affecting soldiers of the British Expeditionary Force in Flanders in the British Medical Journal; the name is coined by Nathan Raw.
Walter Bradford Cannon coins the term fight or flight to describe an animal's response to threats.
Thomas Hunt Morgan, demonstrates non-inherited genetic mutation (in Drosophila melanogaster), undermining the conceptual basis of eugenics.
Reginald Punnett's Mimicry in Butterflies is published in Cambridge (U.K.)
Clara H. Hasse publishes a paper identifying the cause of citrus canker which leads to the development of methods for controlling the disease, saving the citrus crops in the southern United States from being wiped out.
Emmy Noether proves her theorem that any differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law.
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