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Concept
Barbotine
Summary
Barbotine is the French for ceramic slip, or a mixture of clay and water used for moulding or decorating pottery. In English the term is used for three different techniques of decorating pottery, though in all cases mainly for historical works. For clarity, these types are numbered here as A-C (which are not standard terms).
In the first, common from the Ancient World onwards, the barbotine is piped onto the object rather as cakes are decorated with icing, using a quill, horn, or other kind of nozzle. The slip would normally be in a contrasting colour to the rest of the vessel, and forms a pattern, or inscription, that is slightly raised above the main surface. This is normally called slip-trailing in English today, and for English pottery (such as the works of Thomas Toft, d. 1698), but "barbotine" remains common in archaeology.
The first barbotine technique in pottery styling was in use in the ancient world. The Egyptians were known to have used barbotine design. As another example, Middle Minoan pottery from Knossos on the island of Crete in present-day Greece includes a barbotine pottery style, and it is common in Ancient Roman pottery, where the colour may often be the same as the rest of the vessel.
The second technique is a term for slipcasting, "couler en barbotine" in French. "Barbotine pottery" is sometimes used for Ancient Roman as well as 19th-century French and American pottery with added slipcast decoration. Slip or barbotine is cast in moulds to form three-dimensional decorative sections which when dried out are added to the main vessel. Typically, these might be flowers, fruit, or small animals. Again, there is an alternative English term, Sprigging (pottery), which is normally used for English pottery, for example in Wedgwood's Jasperware, where the sprigs are in contrasting colours.
The third sense of the term describes a technique developed by Ernest Chaplet, the secret of which was later sold by him to Haviland & Co. This was a method of painting art pottery in brightly-coloured slips, in French also called peinture à la barbotine or in gouache vitrifiable.
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