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Concept
HTTP/2
Summary
HTTP/2 (originally named HTTP/2.0) is a major revision of the HTTP network protocol used by the World Wide Web. It was derived from the earlier experimental SPDY protocol, originally developed by Google. HTTP/2 was developed by the HTTP Working Group (also called httpbis, where "" means "twice") of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). HTTP/2 is the first new version of HTTP since HTTP/1.1, which was standardized in in 1997. The Working Group presented HTTP/2 to the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) for consideration as a Proposed Standard in December 2014, and IESG approved it to publish as Proposed Standard on February 17, 2015 (and was updated in February 2020 in regard to TLS 1.3). The HTTP/2 specification was published as on May 14, 2015.
The standardization effort was supported by Chrome, Opera, Firefox, Internet Explorer 11, Safari, Amazon Silk, and Edge browsers. Most major browsers had added HTTP/2 support by the end of 2015. About 97% of web browsers used have the capability (and 100% of "tracked desktop" web browsers). , 36% (after topping out at just over 50%) of the top 10 million websites support HTTP/2.
Its successor is HTTP/3, a major revision that builds on the concepts established by HTTP/2.
The working group charter mentions several goals and issues of concern:
Create a negotiation mechanism that allows clients and servers to elect to use HTTP/1.1, 2.0, or potentially other non-HTTP protocols.
Maintain high-level compatibility with HTTP/1.1 (for example with methods, status codes, URIs, and most header fields).
Decrease latency to improve page load speed in web browsers by considering:
data compression of HTTP headers
HTTP/2 Server Push
prioritization of requests
multiplexing multiple requests over a single TCP connection (fixing the HTTP-transaction-level head-of-line blocking problem in HTTP 1.x)
Support common existing use cases of HTTP, such as desktop web browsers, mobile web browsers, web APIs, web servers at various scales, proxy servers, reverse proxy servers, firewalls, and content delivery networks.
Official source
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