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Concept
Religious communism
Summary
Religious communism is a form of communism that incorporates religious principles. Scholars have used the term to describe a variety of social or religious movements throughout history that have favored the common ownership of property.
The term religious communism has been used to describe a variety of social or religious movements throughout history. The "commune of early Christians at Jerusalem" has been described as a group that practiced religious communism. The teachings of Mazdak, a religious proto-socialist Persian reformer, have also been referred to as early communism. According to Ben Fowkes and Bulent Gokay, Bolshevik Mikhail Skachko stated at the Congress of the Peoples of the East that "the Muslim religion is rooted in principles of religious communism, by which no man may be a slave to another, and not a single piece of land may be privately owned."
T. M. Browning described religious communism as a form of communism that "springs directly from principles native to a religion", and Hans Hillerbrand defined religious communism as religious movements that advocated the "communal ownership of goods and the concomitant abrogation of private property". Browning and Hillerbrand distinguished religious communism from political communism, as well as from economic socialism. Additionally, Hillerbrand contrasts religious communism with Marxism, which he describes as an ideology that called for eliminating religion. Donald Drew Egbert and Stow Persons argued that "[c]hronologically, religious communism tended to precede secular [communism]." Other scholars suggested that the traditional political communism, or Marxism, has always been a variety of religion.
In Christian Europe, communists were believed to have adopted atheism. In Protestant England, communism was too close to the Catholic communion rite, and socialist was the preferred term. Friedrich Engels argued that in 1848, when The Communist Manifesto was published, socialism was respectable in Europe while communism was not.
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