A doctor of both laws, from the Latin doctor utriusque juris, or juris utriusque doctor, or doctor juris utriusque ("doctor of both laws") (abbreviations include: JUD, IUD, DUJ, JUDr., DUI, DJU, Dr.iur.utr., Dr.jur.utr., DIU, UJD and UID) is a scholar who has acquired a doctorate in both civil and church law. The degree was common among Roman Catholic and German scholars of the Middle Ages and early modern times. Today the degree is awarded by the Pontifical Lateran University after a period of six years of study, by the University of Würzburg, and by the University of Fribourg, as well as the University of Cologne.
Between approximately the twelfth through the eighteenth centuries European students of law mastered the Ius commune, a pan-European legal system that held sway during that span. It was composed of canon (church) law and Roman and feudal (civil) law, resulting in the degree of "Doctor of both laws". or of "Licentiatus of both laws".
Agliardi, Antonio, Cardinal, Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals
Arregui Yarza, Antonio, Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guayaquil, Ecuador
Thomas Bach
Pope Benedict XIV
Bevilacqua, Anthony, Cardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Philadelphia (USA)
Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin
St. Charles Borromeo
Edoardo Borromeo
Sebastian Brant
Giacomo Luigi Brignole
Giovanni Battista Bussi (1755–1844)
Antonio Maria Cagiano de Azevedo
Étienne Hubert de Cambacérès
Giovanni Battista Caprara
Filippo Giudice Caracciolo
Domenico Carafa della Spina di Traetto
Francesco Carafa di Trajetto
Carafa, Pierluigi (iuniore), Cardinal, Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Dean of the College of Cardinals
Luigi Dadaglio, Cardinal, Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary
Antonio Despuig y Dameto
Michele di Pietro
Domenico Ferrata, Cardinal, Secretary of State
Giuseppe Milesi Pironi Ferretti
Michael J.