Green engineering

Green engineering not the design of products and processes by applying financially and technologically feasible principles to achieve one or more of the following goals: (1) decrease in the amount of pollution that is generated by a construction or operation of a facility, (2) minimization of human population exposure to potential hazards (including reducing toxicity), (3) improved uses of matter and energy throughout the life cycle of the product and processes, and (4) maintaining economic efficiency and viability. Green engineering can an overarching framework for all design disciplines. Green engineering follows nine guiding principles: Engineer processes and products holistically, use systems analysis and integrate environmental impact assessment tools. Conserve and improve natural ecosystems while protecting human health and well-being. Use life-cycle thinking in all engineering activities. Ensure that all material and energy inputs and outputs are as inherently safe and benign as possible. Minimize the depletion of natural resources. Prevent waste. Develop and apply engineering solutions while being cognizant of local geography, aspirations, and cultures. Create engineering solutions beyond current or dominant technologies; improve, innovate, and invent (technologies) to achieve sustainability. Actively engage communities and stakeholders in development of engineering solutions. In 2003, The American Chemical Society introduced a new list of twelve principles: Inherent Rather Than Circumstantial – Designers need to strive to ensure that all materials and energy inputs and outputs are as inherently nonhazardous as possible. Prevention Instead of Treatment – It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed. Design for Separation – Separation and purification operations should be designed to minimize energy consumption and materials use. Maximize Efficiency – Products, processes, and systems should be designed to maximize mass, energy, space, and time efficiency.