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Concept
Adenoviridae
Summary
Adenoviruses (members of the family Adenoviridae) are medium-sized (90–100 nm), nonenveloped (without an outer lipid bilayer) viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome. Their name derives from their initial isolation from human adenoids in 1953.
They have a broad range of vertebrate hosts; in humans, more than 50 distinct adenoviral serotypes have been found to cause a wide range of illnesses, from mild respiratory infections in young children (known as the common cold) to life-threatening multi-organ disease in people with a weakened immune system.
This family contains the following genera:
Atadenovirus
Aviadenovirus
Ichtadenovirus
Mastadenovirus (including all human adenoviruses)
Siadenovirus
Testadenovirus
In humans, currently there are 88 human adenoviruses (HAdVs) in seven species (Human adenovirus A to G):
A: 12, 18, 31
B: 3, 7, 11, 14, 16, 21, 34, 35, 50, 55
C: 1, 2, 5, 6, 57
D: 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75
E: 4
F: 40, 41
G: 52
Different types/serotypes are associated with different conditions:
respiratory disease (mainly species HAdV-B and C)
conjunctivitis (HAdV-B and D)
gastroenteritis (HAdV-F types 40, 41, HAdV-G type 52)
obesity or adipogenesis (HAdV-A type 31, HAdV-C type 5, HAdV-D types 9, 36, 37)
All these types are called Human mastadenovirus A–G by the ICTV, because all are members of the genus Mastadenovirus.
Adenoviruses are medium-sized (90–100 nm). The virions are composed of one linear piece of double-stranded DNA inside an icosahedral capsid. 240 hexon proteins make up the bulk of the capsid, while twelve penton bases cap the icosahedron's corners. The penton bases are associated with protruding fibers that aid in attachment to the host cell via the receptor on its surface.
In 2010, the structure of the human adenovirus was solved at the atomic level, making it the largest high-resolution model ever.
Official source
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