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Concept
Manchukuo
Summary
Manchukuo, officially the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of Great Manchuria after 1934, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China that existed from 1932 until 1945. It was founded ostensibly as a republic in 1932 from the lands seized by the Japanese during their invasion of Manchuria, and in 1934 it became a constitutional monarchy still under de facto Japanese control, with the final Emperor of China Puyi as its figurehead. Internationally, the state was widely seen as illegitimate, and it received limited diplomatic recognition.
The area was the homeland of the Manchu people, who had founded and operated the Qing dynasty until its overthrow in the Xinhai revolution. In 1931, Japan seized the region following the Mukden Incident. A pro-Japanese government was installed one year later with Puyi, the last Qing emperor, serving first as nominal regent, and later as emperor. The state was ultimately toppled at the end of World War II when the Soviet Union invaded its territory in August 1945; its government was formally dissolved after the Japanese surrender in September. The land was then formally transferred to Chinese administration the following year.
Manchu people had long constituted a minority in northeast China, with the region's largest ethnic group being Han Chinese. The Japanese population increased immensely under this period, largely due to Japan's efforts to resettle young, land-poor farmers from the inner islands to new land. By 1945, more than a million Japanese people had settled in Manchukuo. The region's Korean population also increased during this period; there were also Mongols, Russians, and other minority groups. The Mongolian regions in the western part of the country were ruled under a slightly different system in acknowledgment of the distinct traditions there. The southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula (present-day Dalian) continued to be ruled directly by Japan as the Kwantung Leased Territory until the end of the war.
Official source
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