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Concept
Pinus brutia
Summary
Pinus brutia, commonly known as the Turkish pine, is a species of pine native to the eastern Mediterranean region. The bulk of its range is in Turkey.
Turkish pine is also known by several other common names: Calabrian pine (from a naturalised population of the pine in Calabria in southern Italy, from where the pine was first botanically described), East Mediterranean pine, and Brutia pine.
Pinus brutia is a medium-size tree, reaching tall with a trunk diameter of up to , exceptionally . The bark is orange-red, thick and deeply fissured at the base of the trunk, and thin and flaky in the upper crown. The leaves (needles) are in pairs, slender, mostly long, bright green to slightly yellowish green.
The cones are stout, heavy and hard, long and broad at the base when closed, green at first, ripening glossy red-brown when 24 months old. They open slowly over the next year or two to release the seeds, opening to broad. The seeds are long, with a wing, and are mainly wind-dispersed. One can see from gallery below in Flowers image, that this pine is not white pine classification, as it clearly has two needles per bundle, meaning it is either a red or jack pine.
File:Escorça de pi de Calàbria (Pinus brutia), jardí botànic de València.JPG|Bark
File:Pinus brutia - cones - Flickr - S. Rae.jpg|Cone
File:Pinus brutia - Flowers 03.jpg|Flowers
File:Pinus brutia foliage Cyprus1.jpg|Foliage
File:Pinus brutia, Findikli 0.jpg|Tree
Turkish pine is closely related to Aleppo pine, Canary Island pine, and Maritime pine, which all share many features with it. Some authors have treated it as a subspecies of Aleppo pine, but it is usually regarded as a distinct species. It is a moderately variable species, and the following subspecies and varieties are named:
The Eldar pine is treated as a species (Pinus eldarica) by some authors; it is adapted to a drier climate with a summer rainfall peak, whereas var. brutia, var. pityusa, and var. pendulifolia are adapted to a climate with mainly winter rainfall.
Italian botanist Michele Tenore described the species in 1811.
Official source
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