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Concept
Eurasianism
Summary
Eurasianism (евразийство, yevraziystvo) is a socio-political movement in Russia that emerged in the early 20th century which states that Russia does not belong in the "European" or "Asian" categories but instead to the geopolitical concept of Eurasia governed by the "Russian world" (Русский мир), forming an ostensibly standalone Russian civilization. Historically, the Russian Empire was Euro-centric and generally considered a European/Western power.
The first Eurasianists were mostly Émigrés, pacifists, and their vision of the future had features of romanticism and utopianism. The goal of the Eurasianists was the unification of the main Christian churches under the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church. A key feature of Eurasianism is the rejection of Russian ethnic nationalism; which seeks a pan-Slavic state. The Eurasianists strongly opposed the territorial fragmentation of the Russian Imperial state that had followed in the wake of the revolution and civil war, and they used their geo-historical theories to insist on the necessity of the geopolitical reconstruction of the Russian state as a unified Eurasian great power. Unlike many of the white Russians, the Eurasianists rejected attempts for Tsarist restoration.
To enable their return, Eurasianist émigrés became supportive of the Bolshevik Revolution, but not its stated goals of building communism. Many viewed the Soviet Union as a steppingstone on the path of creating a new national identity that would reflect Russia's geopolitical situation. Eurasianist support to the Soviet Union began in the 1920s during the Stalinist era, which witnessed the emergence of a distinct socialist nationalism through CPSU's enforcement of "Socialism in One Country" policy. Despite this, all organized Eurasianist activities in the Soviet Union were ended during the Great Purges of 1936-1938. After the Second World War, Joseph Stalin's efforts to empower an Eastern Bloc of socialist countries opposed to the Western capitalist camp were seen by Eurasianist remnants as compatible with their own ideology.
Official source
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