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Concept
Mischling
Summary
Mischling (ˈmɪʃlɪŋ; "mix-ling"; plural: Mischlinge) was a pejorative legal term which was used in Nazi Germany to denote persons of mixed "Aryan" and non-Aryan, such as Jewish, ancestry as they were classified by the Nuremberg racial laws of 1935. In German, the word has the general denotation of hybrid, mongrel, or half-breed. Outside its use in official Nazi terminology, the term Mischlingskinder ("mixed children") was later used to refer to war babies born to non-white soldiers and German mothers in the aftermath of World War II.
Mischling test
Since the Nazis were unable to find a racial definition of a "Jew", they relied on one's ancestors' religious backgrounds to determine whether someone was of "German or related blood" ("Aryan") or a "Jew" ("non-Aryan"). Thus, the Nuremberg Laws in 1935 defined a "full Jew" (Istjude or Volljude in Nazi terminology) as a person – regardless of religious affiliation or self-identification – who had at least three grandparents who had been enrolled with a Jewish congregation or were married to a Jewish spouse. A person with two Jewish grandparents was also legally "Jewish" (so-called Geltungsjude, roughly speaking, in "Jew by legal validity" or "to be deemed/reckoned as a Jew") if that person met any of these racial conditions created by Nazis:
Was enrolled as a member of a Jewish congregation when the Nuremberg Laws were issued or joined later
Was married to a "full Jew".
Was the offspring from a marriage with a Jew, which was concluded after the ban on mixed marriages.
Was the offspring of an extramarital affair with a Jew, born out of wedlock after 31 July 1936.
A person who did not belong to any of these categorical conditions, but had two Jewish grandparents was classified as a Jewish Mischling of the first degree according to the racial constructs implemented by Nazis. A person with only one Jewish grandparent was classified as a Mischling of the second degree.
Following the passage of the Nuremberg Laws, in November 1935, the Citizenship Law gained its first amendment, and it stated that Jews were to be stripped of all of their civil rights, including the right to vote.
Official source
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