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Concept
Specialist school
Summary
Specialist schools, also known as specialised schools or specialized schools, are schools which specialise in a certain area or field of curriculum. In some countries, for example New Zealand, the term is used exclusively for schools specialising in special needs education, which are typically known as special schools.
Specialist schools have been recognised in Europe for a long period of time. In some countries such as Germany and the Netherlands, education specialises when students are aged 13, which is when they are enrolled to either an academic or vocational school (the former being known in Germany as a gymnasium). Many other countries in Europe specialise education from the age of 16.
The Nazi Regime established new specialist schools with the aim of training the future Nazi Party elite and leaders of Germany:
National Political Institutes of Education – Run in a similar way to military academies, these were boarding schools for boys aged 10–18. They fell under the control of the Schutzstaffel (SS) from 1936.
Adolf Hitler Schools – These were free-to-attend boarding specialist schools for leadership, serving 12–18-year olds. Students were selected for their leadership skills and Aryan likeness.
Order Castles – These schools trained elite 25–30-year olds who were expected to become future political and military leaders.
After the Second World War, Germany was separated into the capitalist West Germany and communist East Germany. In East Germany, a comprehensive system of education was established while in West Germany a specialised system was present. After German reunification in 1990, the former East Germany abandoned comprehensive education and implemented the specialised education of West Germany.
In modern Germany, education becomes specialised from the age of 13, with students attending either academic schools known as gynmnasiums or vocational schools. Vocational specialist schools and academies offer vocational qualifications.
In the Netherlands, many specialist schools exist within the public education system.
Official source
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