Concept

Ashtadhyayi

The (Devanagari अष्टाध्यायी) is a grammar that describes a form of an early Indo-Aryan language: Sanskrit. Authored by Sanskrit philologist and scholar Pāṇini and dated to around 500 BCE, it describes the language as current in his time, specifically the dialect and register of an élite of model speakers, referred to by Pāṇini himself as śiṣṭa. The work also accounts both for some features specific to the older Vedic form of the language, as well as certain dialectal features current in the author’s time. The Aṣṭādhyāyī employs a derivational system to describe the language, where real speech is derived from posited abstract utterances formed by means of affixes added to bases under certain conditions. The Aṣṭādhyāyī is supplemented by three ancillary texts: akṣarasamāmnāya, dhātupāṭha and gaṇapāṭha. Aṣṭādhyāyī is made of two words aṣṭa-, ‘eight’ and adhyāya-, ‘chapter’, thus meaning eight-chaptered, or ‘the book of eight chapters’. By 1000 BCE, a large body of hymns composed in the oldest attested form of the Proto-Indo-Aryan language had been consolidated into the Rigveda, which formed the canonical basis of the Vedic religion, being transmitted from generation to generation entirely orally. In the course of the following centuries, as the popular speech evolved, growing concern among the guardians of the Vedic religion that the hymns be passed on without ‘corruption’ led to the rise of a vigorous, sophisticated grammatical tradition involving the study of linguistic analysis, in particular phonetics alongside grammar. The high point of this centuries-long endeavour was Pāṇini’s Aṣṭādhyāyī, which eclipsed all others before him. While not the first, the Aṣṭādhyāyī is the oldest linguistic and grammar text, and one of the oldest Sanskrit texts, surviving in its entirety. Pāṇini refers to older texts such as the Unādisūtra, Dhātupāṭha, and Gaṇapātha but some of these have only survived in part. The Aṣṭādhyāyī consists of 3,959 sūtras in eight chapters, which are each subdivided into four sections or pādas.

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Concepts associés (16)
Shiksha
Shiksha (शिक्षा, IAST and ISO: ) is a Sanskrit word, which means "instruction, lesson, learning, study of skill". It also refers to one of the six Vedangas, or limbs of Vedic studies, on phonetics and phonology in Sanskrit. Shiksha is the field of Vedic study of sound, focussing on the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet, accent, quantity, stress, melody and rules of euphonic combination of words during a Vedic recitation. Each ancient Vedic school developed this field of Vedanga, and the oldest surviving phonetic textbooks are the Pratishakyas.
Rig-Véda
thumb|Manuscrit du Rig-Véda en devanāgarī (début du ). Le Rig-Veda ou Ṛgveda (devanāgarī : sa, en IAST Ṛgveda) est une collection d'hymnes (sūkta) sacrés ou encore d'hymnes de louanges de l'Inde antique composés en sanskrit védique. Il fait partie des quatre grands textes canoniques (Śruti) de l'hindouisme qui sont connus sous le nom de Veda. C'est l'un des plus anciens textes existant en langue indo-européenne. Sa composition remonte entre 1500 et 900 selon les indologues, les philologues et les linguistes.
Grammaire du sanskrit
La grammaire du sanskrit comprend, au sens strict, la morphologie et la syntaxe de la langue sanskrite. La morphologie décrit la formation des mots de cette langue, la syntaxe étudie l'agencement de ces mots dans les phrases. L'étude de la grammaire du sanskrit permet de mieux comprendre les citations en sanskrit que présentent les articles relatifs à la culture indienne, et prépare la lecture d'une vaste littérature rédigée en sanskrit.
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