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Concept
History of Christian theology
Summary
The doctrine of the Trinity, considered the core of Christian theology by Trinitarians, is the result of continuous exploration by the church of the biblical data, thrashed out in debate and treatises, eventually formulated at the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325 in a way they believe is consistent with the biblical witness, and further refined in later councils and writings. The most widely recognized Biblical foundations for the doctrine's formulation are in the Gospel of John, which possess ideas that originate in Platonism and Greek philosophy.
Nontrinitarianism is any of several Christian beliefs that reject the Trinitarian doctrine that God is three distinct persons in one being. Modern nontrinitarian groups views differ widely on the nature of God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit.
Historical theology is the academic study of the development of Christian theology.
Christianity originated in the 1st century AD as a minor sect within Judaism. Jews worshipped one god named Yahweh. God's relationship with humanity was told in the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament for Christians), which Jews believed to be divinely inspired. Most biblical books had reached final form by the 4th century BC, but the Book of Daniel was probably not finalized until 167 BC. Ultimately, the books of the Hebrew Bible were grouped into three sections, the Torah (Instruction or Law), Nevi'im (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings). By the end of the 2nd century BC, the question of what books belonged in the Torah and Nev'im was settled. Agreement on which books should be included among the Ketuvim was not settled until the 4th century AD.
The Greek-speaking Jews of Alexandria produced a Greek translation of the Bible called the Septuagint. This translation included books not found in the Hebrew Bible, including Tobit, Judith, Wisdom of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus, and the books of Maccabees. The Septuagint was influential on early Christianity as it was the translation used by the first Christian authors.
The heart of the biblical story was God's covenant with the Jewish people.
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