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Concept
Teochew people
Summary
The Teochew people, Swatow people or Chaoshan people (rendered Têo-Swa in romanized Teoswa and Chaoshan in Modern Standard Mandarin also known as Teo-Swa in mainland China due to a change in place names) is anyone native to the historical Chaoshan region in south China who speak the Chaoshan Min language. Today, most ethnic Teochew people live throughout Chaoshan and Hong Kong, and also outside China in Southeast Asia, including in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The community can also be found in diasporas around the world, including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and France.
Chaoshan can be romanized in a variety of schemes, and are known in Mandarin as Cháoshan rén and in Cantonese as Chiushan yan. In referring to themselves as Sinitic people, Chaoshan people generally use Deung nang (), as opposed to Hang nang ().
Chaoshanese people of the diaspora would generally use ting nang () to indicate Sinitic heritage in a cultural sense. tingnang and tangren are broadly used by most of the southern sinitic people living outside of China, referring to their maintaining a substantial cultural identity they consider to be Sinitic people. The identification of "tingnang" could perhaps be due to their early affiliation with the Tang dynasty. The Teochew people are those who speak the Teochew Language and identify with Teochew culture, cuisine, and customs. The Swatow people are those who speak the Swatow Language and identify with Swatow culture, cuisine, and customs.
Teochew, Swatow and Chaoshan people also commonly refer to each other as ga gi nang ().
The ancestors of the Chaoshan people moved to present-day Chaoshan as refugees possibly from central China due to various reasons. The Chaoshan were often called Fulao (Hoklo) because they came mostly passed through Fujian during migration, with some well-maintained language and customs from ancient China.
Official source
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