The zaojing: review of a unique wooden construction typology

The zaojing is an ancient Chinese construction system consisting of a dome-shaped assembly of interlocked wooden pieces. These structures are placed above live performance spaces to enhance sound diffusion while creating background scenery. Existing zaojings in China display a diverse range of geometric expressions, construction details, and structural behaviours. Despite their uniqueness and historical interest, very little literature about the zaojing is known to exist, and what does is not comprehensive. Building on recent field investigations in rural China, this paper sheds new light on zaojings. Following a summary of ancient Chinese construction practice, a comprehensive list of publications on zaojings is first reviewed. The paper then identifies differences between various zaojings and suggests a typological classification. Construction details and repair practices are eventually described. In conclusion, the study brings forward the typological diversity of the zaojing, a unique wooden ceiling system whose significance in the history of wood joinery construction has not yet been fully appreciated.