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In Italy, biomechanics research and the analysis of human and animal movement have had a very long history, beginning with the exceptional pioneering work of Leonardo da Vinci. In 1489, da Vinci began investigating human anatomy, including an examination o ...
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) organize knowledge on the progression of toxicity through levels of biological organization. By determining the linkages between toxicity events at different levels, AOPs lay the foundation for mechanism-based alternative te ...
This chapter addresses the nature and the economic impact of design by looking at design-related intellectual property and how businesses protect their knowledge based capital. The chapter reviews the nature and various definitions of design and how design ...
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development2015
In neuroscience, as in many other scientific domains, the primary form of knowledge dissemination is through published articles. One challenge for modern neuroinformatics is finding methods to make the knowledge from the tremendous backlog of publications ...
Infrastructure facilities are important to the economic growth and quality of life of modern societies. Much infrastructure has been built principally in the second half of the 20th century and several thousand structures are now attaining their design liv ...
Process knowledge is the key factor in establishing quality energy efficiency and integration solutions. Without process knowledge, engineers run the risk of oversizing, undersizing or creating non-feasible and potentially dangerous solutions. Resulting ac ...
In recent years, marked improvements in our knowledge of the statistical properties of the spatial distribution of snow properties have been achieved thanks to improvements in measuring technologies (e.g. LIDAR, TLS, and GPR). Despite of this, objective an ...
Shared artifacts, such as drawings and schemas on whiteboards, sticky-notes with ideas on walls, are often created and interacted with during meetings. These shared artifacts a) facilitate the expression of complex fleeting ideas, b) enable collaborators t ...
This study concerns the economics of innovation in the area of medical innovation -new diagnostics, medicines and vaccines-, and in particular how innovation contributes to meeting public health needs. Significant advances have taken place in medical scien ...
More research is needed is an iconic catchphrase used by scientists worldwide. Yet policy and management decisions are continually being made with variable levels of reliance on scientific knowledge. Funding agencies have provided incentives for knowledge ...