Non-blocking algorithmIn computer science, an algorithm is called non-blocking if failure or suspension of any thread cannot cause failure or suspension of another thread; for some operations, these algorithms provide a useful alternative to traditional blocking implementations. A non-blocking algorithm is lock-free if there is guaranteed system-wide progress, and wait-free if there is also guaranteed per-thread progress. "Non-blocking" was used as a synonym for "lock-free" in the literature until the introduction of obstruction-freedom in 2003.
LinearizabilityIn concurrent programming, an operation (or set of operations) is linearizable if it consists of an ordered list of invocation and response events, that may be extended by adding response events such that: The extended list can be re-expressed as a sequential history (is serializable). That sequential history is a subset of the original unextended list. Informally, this means that the unmodified list of events is linearizable if and only if its invocations were serializable, but some of the responses of the serial schedule have yet to return.
Cache webLa mise en cache de document Web (ex : page web, images) est utilisée afin de réduire la consommation de bande passante, la charge du serveur web (les tâches qu'il effectue), ou améliorer la rapidité de consultation lors de l'utilisation d'un navigateur web. Un cache Web conserve des copies de documents transitant par son biais. Le cache peut, dans certaines conditions, répondre aux requêtes ultérieures à partir de ses copies, sans recourir au serveur Web d'origine.
NoSQLEn informatique et en bases de données, NoSQL désigne une famille de systèmes de gestion de base de données (SGBD) qui s'écarte du paradigme classique des bases relationnelles. L'explicitation la plus populaire de l'acronyme est Not only SQL (« pas seulement SQL » en anglais) même si cette interprétation peut être discutée. La définition exacte de la famille des SGBD NoSQL reste sujette à débat. Le terme se rattache autant à des caractéristiques techniques qu'à une génération historique de SGBD qui a émergé autour des années 2010.
Shard (database architecture)A database shard, or simply a shard, is a horizontal partition of data in a database or search engine. Each shard is held on a separate database server instance, to spread load. Some data within a database remains present in all shards, but some appear only in a single shard. Each shard (or server) acts as the single source for this subset of data. Horizontal partitioning is a database design principle whereby rows of a database table are held separately, rather than being split into columns (which is what normalization and vertical partitioning do, to differing extents).
