High-content screeningHigh-content screening (HCS), also known as high-content analysis (HCA) or cellomics, is a method that is used in biological research and drug discovery to identify substances such as small molecules, peptides, or RNAi that alter the phenotype of a cell in a desired manner. Hence high content screening is a type of phenotypic screen conducted in cells involving the analysis of whole cells or components of cells with simultaneous readout of several parameters.
Virtual screeningVirtual screening (VS) is a computational technique used in drug discovery to search libraries of small molecules in order to identify those structures which are most likely to bind to a drug target, typically a protein receptor or enzyme. Virtual screening has been defined as "automatically evaluating very large libraries of compounds" using computer programs. As this definition suggests, VS has largely been a numbers game focusing on how the enormous chemical space of over 1060 conceivable compounds can be filtered to a manageable number that can be synthesized, purchased, and tested.
Interaction médicamenteusevignette|cocktail de benzodiazepines L'interaction médicamenteuse est une situation qui résulte de l'administration concomitante ou successive de deux ou plusieurs médicaments (ou parfois d'autres substances comme certains aliments) chez un même patient et dans laquelle l'une des substances absorbées affecte l'activité thérapeutique d'un ou plusieurs des autres médicaments administrés. Dans certains cas, on peut avoir une augmentation de l'activité du médicament pour une même dose, dans d'autre une réduction, voire une abolition de l'efficacité du traitement.
Protéine GLes sont une famille de protéines qui permettent le transfert d'informations à l'intérieur de la cellule. Elles participent ainsi à un mécanisme appelé transduction du signal. Cette protéine est appelée ainsi car elle utilise l'échange de GTP en GDP comme un « interrupteur moléculaire » pour déclencher ou inhiber des réactions biochimiques dans la cellule. La protéine G se lie au GTP et au GDP. Alfred G. Gilman et Martin Rodbell ont obtenu le prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine en 1994 pour sa découverte et leurs travaux sur les protéines G.
Métabolisme des médicamentsDrug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as any drug or poison. These pathways are a form of biotransformation present in all major groups of organisms and are considered to be of ancient origin.
Chemokine receptorChemokine receptors are cytokine receptors found on the surface of certain cells that interact with a type of cytokine called a chemokine. There have been 20 distinct chemokine receptors discovered in humans. Each has a rhodopsin-like 7-transmembrane (7TM) structure and couples to G-protein for signal transduction within a cell, making them members of a large protein family of G protein-coupled receptors. Following interaction with their specific chemokine ligands, chemokine receptors trigger a flux in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) ions (calcium signaling).
