Global surface temperatureIn earth science, global surface temperature (GST; sometimes referred to as global mean surface temperature, GMST, or global average surface temperature) is calculated by averaging the temperature at the surface of the sea and air temperature over land. Periods of global cooling and global warming have alternated during Earth's history. of reliable global temperature measurements began in the 1850—1880 time frame. Through 1940, the average annual temperature increased, but was relatively stable between 1940 and 1975.
Robotic sensingRobotic sensing is a subarea of robotics science intended to provide sensing capabilities to robots. Robotic sensing provides robots with the ability to sense their environments and is typically used as feedback to enable robots to adjust their behavior based on sensed input. Robot sensing includes the ability to see, touch, hear and move and associated algorithms to process and make use of environmental feedback and sensory data.
ÉpistémologieLépistémologie (du grec ancien « connaissance vraie, science » et / « discours ») est d'abord l'étude de la connaissance scientifique. Au sens actuel, l'épistémologie désigne également l'étude critique d'une science particulière, quant à son évolution, sa valeur, et sa portée scientifique et philosophique. Aujourd'hui, selon les langues et notamment en anglais, le terme « épistémologie » (en) peut également renvoyer à la théorie de la connaissance ou à la gnoséologie.
