Planification motriceLa planification motrice est un processus cognitif et psychomoteur, permettant d’élaborer un mouvement volontaire et de l’organiser en séquences avant de l’exécuter . Pour ce faire, avant chaque mouvement, le cerveau établit un plan moteur composé d’images mentales qui s’enchaînent . Cela est possible parce qu’il s’agit d’un automatisme qui anticipe le résultat de chaque mouvement. Lors de l’étape suivante, le cerveau spécifie les paramètres du mouvement, c’est-à-dire les éléments spatio-temporels (direction, force, amplitude, vitesse) et visuo-spatiaux qui orienteront l’action .
Fine motor skillFine motor skill (or dexterity) is the coordination of small muscles in movement with the eyes, hands and fingers. The complex levels of manual dexterity that humans exhibit can be related to the nervous system. Fine motor skills aid in the growth of intelligence and develop continuously throughout the stages of human development. Motor skills are movements and actions of the bone structures. Typically, they are categorised into two groups: gross motor skills and fine motor skills.
Motor skillA motor skill is a function that involves specific movements of the body's muscles to perform a certain task. These tasks could include walking, running, or riding a bike. In order to perform this skill, the body's nervous system, muscles, and brain have to all work together. The goal of motor skill is to optimize the ability to perform the skill at the rate of success, precision, and to reduce the energy consumption required for performance. Performance is an act of executing a motor skill or task.
Contrôle moteurEn neurosciences, le contrôle moteur est la capacité de faire des ajustements posturaux dynamiques et de diriger le corps et les membres dans le but de faire un mouvement déterminé. Le mouvement volontaire est initié par le cortex moteur primaire et le cortex prémoteur. Le signal est ensuite transmis aux circuits du tronc cérébral et de la moelle épinière qui activent les muscles squelettiques qui, en se contractant, produisent un mouvement. Le mouvement produit renvoie des informations proprioceptives au système nerveux central (SNC).
Trouble neurologiqueA neurological disorder is any disorder of the nervous system. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves can result in a range of symptoms. Examples of symptoms include paralysis, muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation, seizures, confusion, pain and altered levels of consciousness. There are many recognized neurological disorders, some relatively common, but many rare. They may be assessed by neurological examination, and studied and treated within the specialities of neurology and clinical neuropsychology.
Aging brainAging of the brain is a process of transformation of the brain in older age, including changes all individuals experience and those of illness (including unrecognised illness). Usually this refers to humans. Since life extension is only pertinent if accompanied by health span extension, and, more importantly, by preserving brain health and cognition, finding rejuvenating approaches that act simultaneously in peripheral tissues and in brain function is a key strategy for development of rejuvenating technology.
Apprentissage moteur. Les approches basées sur les théories de l’apprentissage moteur tiennent habituellement compte de quatre variables principales: les étapes d’apprentissage, le type de tâche à réaliser, la pratique et le feedback. Le processus d’apprentissage moteur comprend trois stades. Le premier est le stade cognitif, c’est-à-dire que l’individu connaît chaque séquence de la tâche à réaliser, mais il ne sait pas exactement comment l’exécuter. Ensuite, il y a le stade associatif, qui correspond au raffinement des habiletés motrices et à la diminution d’erreurs.
Cataract surgeryCataract surgery, which is also called lens replacement surgery, is the removal of the natural lens (also called the "crystalline lens") of the human eye that has developed a cataract, an opaque or cloudy area. The eye's natural lens is usually replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). Over time, metabolic changes of the crystalline lens fibres lead to the development of a cataract, causing impairment or loss of vision. Some infants are born with congenital cataracts, and environmental factors may lead to cataract formation.
Functional neurologic disorderFunctional neurologic disorder or functional neurological disorder (FND) is a condition in which patients experience neurological symptoms such as weakness, movement disorders, sensory symptoms and blackouts. As a functional disorder there is by definition no disease process affecting the structure of the body, yet the person experiences symptoms relating to their body function. Symptoms of functional neurological disorders are clinically recognisable, but are not categorically associated with a definable organic disease.
Infirmité motrice cérébraleL'infirmité motrice d'origine cérébrale (IMC ou IMOC) a été définie en 1955 par le professeur Guy Tardieu comme étant une infirmité motrice due à des lésions survenues durant la période périnatale. Aujourd'hui, on utilise plus fréquemment le terme de « paralysie cérébrale ». Les sujets souffrant d'affections neurologiques dégénératives ou de retards moteurs liés à une déficience intellectuelle ne peuvent donc pas être considérés comme IMOC. Il s'agit d'un état pathologique (non évolutif) non héréditaire comportant diverses atteintes neurologiques.
