Logique combinatoireEn logique mathématique, la logique combinatoire est une théorie logique introduite par Moses Schönfinkel en 1920 lors d'une conférence et développée dès 1929 par Haskell Brooks Curry pour supprimer le besoin de variables en mathématiques, pour formaliser rigoureusement la notion de fonction et pour minimiser le nombre d'opérateurs nécessaires pour définir le calcul des prédicats à la suite de Henry M. Sheffer. Plus récemment, elle a été utilisée en informatique comme modèle théorique de calcul et comme base pour la conception de langages de programmation fonctionnels.
Fixed-point combinatorIn mathematics and computer science in general, a fixed point of a function is a value that is mapped to itself by the function. In combinatory logic for computer science, a fixed-point combinator (or fixpoint combinator) is a higher-order function that returns some fixed point of its argument function, if one exists. Formally, if the function f has one or more fixed points, then and hence, by repeated application, In the classical untyped lambda calculus, every function has a fixed point.
Type systemIn computer programming, a type system is a logical system comprising a set of rules that assigns a property called a type (for example, integer, floating point, string) to every "term" (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Usually the terms are various constructs of a computer program, such as variables, expressions, functions, or modules. A type system dictates the operations that can be performed on a term. For variables, the type system determines the allowed values of that term.
Système nominatif de typesUn système nominatif de types est une classe majeure de système de types en programmation informatique. C'est avec lui qu'on détermine la compatibilité et l'équivalence de types par la déclaration explicite et/ou le nommage des types. On utilise les systèmes nominatifs pour déterminer si des types sont équivalents ou pour savoir si un type est un sous-type d'un autre. Ce système est en contraste avec le système structurel, où les comparaisons sont fondées sur la structure des types en question et donc ces types ne nécessitent pas de déclarations explicites.
Substructural type systemSubstructural type systems are a family of type systems analogous to substructural logics where one or more of the structural rules are absent or only allowed under controlled circumstances. Such systems are useful for constraining access to system resources such as , locks, and memory by keeping track of changes of state that occur and preventing invalid states. Several type systems have emerged by discarding some of the structural rules of exchange, weakening, and contraction: Ordered type systems (discard exchange, weakening and contraction): Every variable is used exactly once in the order it was introduced.
Pure type systemNOTOC In the branches of mathematical logic known as proof theory and type theory, a pure type system (PTS), previously known as a generalized type system (GTS), is a form of typed lambda calculus that allows an arbitrary number of sorts and dependencies between any of these. The framework can be seen as a generalisation of Barendregt's lambda cube, in the sense that all corners of the cube can be represented as instances of a PTS with just two sorts. In fact, Barendregt (1991) framed his cube in this setting.
Théorie des typesEn mathématiques, logique et informatique, une théorie des types est une classe de systèmes formels, dont certains peuvent servir d'alternatives à la théorie des ensembles comme fondation des mathématiques. Ils ont été historiquement introduits pour résoudre le paradoxe d'un axiome de compréhension non restreint. En théorie des types, il existe des types de base et des constructeurs (comme celui des fonctions ou encore celui du produit cartésien) qui permettent de créer de nouveaux types à partir de types préexistant.
DataflowIn computing, dataflow is a broad concept, which has various meanings depending on the application and context. In the context of software architecture, data flow relates to stream processing or reactive programming. Dataflow computing is a software paradigm based on the idea of representing computations as a directed graph, where nodes are computations and data flow along the edges. Dataflow can also be called stream processing or reactive programming. There have been multiple data-flow/stream processing languages of various forms (see Stream processing).
Dataflow programmingIn computer programming, dataflow programming is a programming paradigm that models a program as a directed graph of the data flowing between operations, thus implementing dataflow principles and architecture. Dataflow programming languages share some features of functional languages, and were generally developed in order to bring some functional concepts to a language more suitable for numeric processing. Some authors use the term datastream instead of dataflow to avoid confusion with dataflow computing or dataflow architecture, based on an indeterministic machine paradigm.
Stream processingIn computer science, stream processing (also known as event stream processing, data stream processing, or distributed stream processing) is a programming paradigm which views streams, or sequences of events in time, as the central input and output objects of computation. Stream processing encompasses dataflow programming, reactive programming, and distributed data processing. Stream processing systems aim to expose parallel processing for data streams and rely on streaming algorithms for efficient implementation.
