This lecture introduces the concept of arrays in C++, covering topics such as expressions, operators, control structures, functions, variables, scope of variables, dynamic and static arrays, structures, pointers, and heterogeneous data structures. It explains the use of arrays to store multiple variables of the same type, different types of arrays, and the implementation of arrays in C++. The instructor provides examples of structured data, demonstrates the limitations of current methods for handling multiple players in a game, and proposes solutions using arrays to overcome these limitations.