Ray Optics

This lecture covers the fundamental principles of ray optics, including important aspects of microscopy such as magnification, resolution, contrast, and aberrations. It explains the propagation of light through optical systems, the postulates of ray optics, refractive index, optical path length, Fermat's principle, the law of reflection, and the law of refraction. The lecture also delves into the formation of images by planar and curved mirrors, the components based on reflection, and the application of Snell's law. Furthermore, it discusses refraction under paraxial approximation, light propagation through different media, spherical boundaries, and the behavior of light in spherical lenses.