Renal Physiology: Systems II

This lecture covers the major anatomical features of the heart, the cardiac conducting system, and the cardiac cycle during systole and diastole. It also explains the regulation of heart contractility, the excitation of the heart by action potentials, and the coupling between ionic currents and cardiac muscle contraction. Additionally, it delves into the local and humoral control of blood flow by tissues, the determinants of cardiac output, and the effects of arterial pulsation. The lecture further explores the formation of urine by the kidney, including tubular processing of the glomerular filtrate, urine concentration mechanisms, and the regulation of glomerular filtration rate. It concludes with a discussion on the control of extracellular volume, the role of sodium in the body, and the acid-base balance maintained by the kidneys and lungs.