Lecture
This lecture covers synchrotrons, x-ray free-electron lasers, x-ray emission spectroscopies, and x-ray fluorescence techniques. It discusses experimental considerations such as geometries, detectors, dipole radiation, and background artefacts. The use of solid-state devices like lithium-doped silicon drift detectors, scanning techniques, crystal analyzers, and spectrometer detectors are explained. Examples include the analysis of Vincent van Gogh's paintings using XRF, focusing on Naples yellow and Vermillion pigments.