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This lecture covers the fundamentals of channel coding, focusing on convolutional codes. It explains the importance of error detection and correction in reliable data transmission, the concept of automatic repeat request, and the purpose of channel coding in adjusting information rate to match channel capacity. The lecture delves into the basic idea of adding redundancy to data for error detection and correction, the efficiency of automatic repeat request, and the trade-offs in choosing the right block size. It also discusses the process of decoding convolutional codes using the Viterbi algorithm and the significance of log likelihood ratios in soft-output demapping.