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This lecture introduces the concept of treating a bar under tension or compression as a spring, explaining how the stiffness of the bar is related to its properties and geometry. The method of sections is used to analyze complex structures by breaking them down into smaller components. The lecture then delves into the derivation of the basic principles behind finite element analysis, which is essential for solving deformations and forces in structures using computer programs. The displacement stiffness method is explored as a way to solve over-constrained systems, with a focus on stress concentration and the Sambhanans principle to understand how forces distribute unevenly in structures.