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This lecture delves into the importance of soil compaction in road construction, discussing the phenomenon of soil swelling and its impact on volume. It explores the different types of soil and their compaction rates, emphasizing the significance of proper planning and estimation in construction projects. The lecture also covers the concept of earthwork organization, focusing on the 'earthwork balance' to optimize material transportation and minimize environmental impact. Additionally, it explains the 'cube curve' method for estimating earthwork volumes and the design considerations for road embankments, emphasizing the balance between stability and land use. The lecture concludes with a detailed explanation of road pavement layers, including the role of each layer in providing structural support and durability.