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This lecture explores methods like AFM, tweezers, and traction force microscopy to measure cell mechanics. It delves into the use of silicone rubber and polyacrylamide substrates, discussing the visualization of traction forces and the implications of substrate stiffness on cellular behavior. The lecture also covers the mechanics of cell clusters, including the role of natural ECM, polyacrylamide hydrogels, and collagen gels. Additionally, it discusses super-resolved traction force microscopy, epithelial tissue mechanics basics, actomyosin structures, cell movements, experimental methods, mechanical waves, substrate stiffness, and models for studying cell behavior.