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This lecture covers network security topics such as Network Address Translation (NAT), firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and deep packet inspection. It explains the security implications of NAT, the role of firewalls in mediating traffic, and the evolution from simple packet filters to stateful and application firewalls. The downsides of firewalls are discussed, emphasizing the importance of implementing robust defenses at the host level. Additionally, the concept of Defence in Depth using a De-Militarized Zone (DMZ) to protect internal resources from external threats is explored. The lecture concludes by highlighting the limitations of network protection techniques and the need for strong authentication and denial of service defense mechanisms.