Cellular Biology: Mitosis and Meiosis Overview

This lecture provides an in-depth exploration of cellular biology, focusing on the processes of mitosis and meiosis. It begins with the fundamental concept that all living organisms are composed of cells, establishing the basis of cellular theory. The instructor discusses the phases of the cell cycle, including G1, S, G2, and M phases, emphasizing the importance of DNA replication during the S phase. The lecture then transitions into the detailed mechanisms of mitosis, outlining each phase: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, along with cytokinesis. The role of microtubules and centrosomes in chromosome separation is highlighted. Following this, the lecture covers meiosis, detailing its two stages, meiosis I and II, and the significance of crossing-over in genetic variation. The instructor also addresses the implications of nondisjunction during meiosis, which can lead to genetic disorders. Overall, this lecture serves as a comprehensive introduction to the cellular processes that underpin life.