Polarization in Electromagnetic Waves

This lecture explores the concept of polarization in electromagnetic waves, highlighting its importance in various applications such as liquid crystal displays. The instructor explains the Fresnel coefficients, which determine the reflection and transmission of light at interfaces. The lecture delves into the complex nature of polarization, showcasing how different phase differences between the horizontal and vertical components of the electric field result in various polarization states, from linear to circular. The discussion extends to the challenges posed by the differing signs of spatial and temporal components in wave equations, leading to a detailed analysis of elliptical and circular polarization. The lecture concludes by addressing the intricacies of how the electric field rotation varies when observed in time versus space.