Public Key Cryptography: RSA

This lecture covers the basics of public key cryptography, focusing on RSA. It explains the challenges of securely transmitting keys, the concept of public-private key pairs, encryption and decryption processes, and the systematic distribution of keys. The RSA algorithm, introduced by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman in 1978, is detailed, along with examples of key generation, encryption, and decryption. The lecture also delves into the security of RSA, discussing the difficulty of factoring large numbers and potential vulnerabilities. Additionally, it explores the algorithm for discrete exponentiation and the significance of finding factors of a number in breaking RSA's security.