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This lecture delves into the contrasting approaches of avant-garde architecture and urban planning in the Soviet Union, examining the works of Manfredo Tafuri and Pier Vittorio Aureli. It explores the critique of architectural ideology, the socialist and capitalist city, and the rediscovery of early Soviet art and architecture. The discussion covers the Russian Formalists, the main ideas of Russian Formalism, and the early Soviet avant-garde art from 1910 to 1922. It also analyzes the rise of planning in the Soviet Union, the dualism of the avant-garde, and the proletarization of architects and planners in the early 20th century.