This lecture introduces the concept of constructors and inheritance in object-oriented programming using C++. It covers the importance of initializing attributes in subclasses, including both subclass-specific attributes and inherited attributes from superclasses. The lecture emphasizes the necessity of invoking superclass constructors for proper attribute initialization, showcasing examples and syntax for explicit constructor calls. It also highlights potential issues when superclass constructors are not explicitly called, leading to automatic invocation of default constructors. The importance of always declaring at least one constructor and making superclass constructor calls to avoid hierarchy problems is stressed.