This lecture covers the fundamental concepts of epigenetics, focusing on chromatin structure and nucleosome dynamics. It explains how epigenetic mechanisms regulate transcription rates and the structural adaptation of chromosomal regions. The lecture delves into the condensation of chromatin, the role of histones in nucleosome formation, and the dynamic nature of nucleosomes. It also discusses the 30nm fiber structure and the compaction mechanisms involved. Additionally, it touches on post-translational modifications of histones, DNA methylation, and the heritability of epigenetic changes.