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This lecture delves into the ethical fundamentals of Swiss regulatory frameworks for animal research, emphasizing the concept of animal dignity and the principles of the 3Rs (Reduce, Replace, Refine). The instructor discusses the importance of balancing human and societal interests with animal welfare, highlighting the need for researchers to justify the necessity and ethical acceptability of experiments involving animals. The lecture also covers the guidelines developed by the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences to aid researchers in conducting ethical evaluations. Furthermore, it explores the application of the 3Rs in minimizing animal suffering and improving animal welfare in research settings, emphasizing the individualized approach required for each experiment. The session concludes with a preview of the upcoming discussion on the severity categories of animal experiments and their implications.