This lecture with Ippei Maruyama explores the microstructural changes in cementitious materials due to sorption and transport phenomena, focusing on the evolution of interlayer water, gel pore water, and interhydrate pores. The presentation covers measurements using 1H-NMR relaxometry, long-term length change isotherms, and short-term length change isotherms. Results show the evolution of evaporable water, shrinkage strain, and the impact of drying conditions on the material's properties.