This lecture covers the basics of working with strings in C, including reading and writing text, differences between strings and character arrays, initializing character arrays, copying and concatenating strings, finding the length of a string, comparing strings, and converting strings to integers and floats. The lecture also introduces the concept of null character versus null pointer, arrays of strings, program arguments, and the standard library functions for string handling. Examples and quizzes are provided to reinforce the understanding of string manipulation.