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This lecture covers the fundamentals of attenuation correction in biomedical imaging, focusing on dealing with x-ray absorption in tissue and the resulting signal distortion. It explains the basic steps of attenuation correction, including estimating object geometry, transmission loss, and correcting the image. The instructor also simplifies the correction process by using the geometric mean at 180°, addressing the spatial dependence issue. By measuring opposite signals and applying corrections, the lecture demonstrates how to simplify attenuation correction for emission tomography, particularly for focal uptake in specific regions.