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This lecture explores the synthesis and sustainability aspects of compound semiconductor nanostructures, focusing on the need to de-fossilize energy systems and the potential of nanowires in capturing and emitting light efficiently. The instructor discusses the use of nanowires in solar cells, the 3D mapping of light paths, and the application of photonics principles to improve solar cell efficiency. Various topics such as selective area epitaxy, van der Waals epitaxy on graphene, and the growth of zinc phosphide nanostructures are covered, highlighting the advantages of nanoscale growth. The lecture concludes by emphasizing the importance of nanostructures in addressing sustainability challenges and advancing energy conversion technologies.